Atmospheric Reentry - Revision history

codex: Document exterior entry glow and fractional administrator GAMMA preview

2026-10-22T22:16:41Z

Document exterior entry glow and fractional administrator GAMMA preview

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:16, 22 October 2026
Line 9:		Line 9:

	'''Client version matters:''' earlier calibration clients say '''REENTRY PLAN / PLAN ONLY''' and do not execute entry. They can still [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|record a manual entry with REC]]. In the automated-entry alpha, engaging DOR records automatically through the handoff holds. Retain both matching CSV files for review. REC alone never engages flight control.		'''Client version matters:''' earlier calibration clients say '''REENTRY PLAN / PLAN ONLY''' and do not execute entry. They can still [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|record a manual entry with REC]]. In the automated-entry alpha, engaging DOR records automatically through the handoff holds. Retain both matching CSV files for review. REC alone never engages flight control.

			== Entry glow ==
			In the experimental plasma-envelope client, the controlled spacecraft's entry glow surrounds the vehicle and can be seen through the windshield and from its external cameras. Its brightest region faces the relative airflow, so it can move towards the underside or side of the ship as attitude changes. The appearance depends on air-relative speed and local atmospheric density; it is not tied to a fixed altitude or to Autoflyte engagement.

			The glow is a visual approximation, not a temperature gauge or a safe-flight indication. Continue to monitor AFT, IAS/Vne, dynamic pressure and flight path. Radio blackout and damage need not begin or end at the same time as the visible glow. Clouds and opaque cockpit/hull surfaces can obscure it. The experimental envelope is not shown in the simulator, on remote traffic, or on a carrier while the controlled vehicle is carried inside it.

	==Methods==		==Methods==

codex: Clarify runway handoff, advisory finals and FPA; link operating instructions

2026-10-18T21:47:25Z

Clarify runway handoff, advisory finals and FPA; link operating instructions

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:47, 18 October 2026
Line 6:		Line 6:
	The [[Orbit#Automated entry alpha\|automated-entry alpha]] can execute an '''ENTRY READY''' plan from orbit after undocking, using current loaded mass, forward/reverse mains and separate RCS limits. Its preview checks '''95% of Vne''' and '''200°C predicted AFT''', with thrust, engine-response and attitude margins. These are controller settings to validate, not newly certified vehicle limits. The nose stays into the air-relative direction of travel during reverse braking. Active protection can sacrifice the requested time to brake and arrest descent.		The [[Orbit#Automated entry alpha\|automated-entry alpha]] can execute an '''ENTRY READY''' plan from orbit after undocking, using current loaded mass, forward/reverse mains and separate RCS limits. Its preview checks '''95% of Vne''' and '''200°C predicted AFT''', with thrust, engine-response and attitude margins. These are controller settings to validate, not newly certified vehicle limits. The nose stays into the air-relative direction of travel during reverse braking. Active protection can sacrifice the requested time to brake and arrest descent.

	At the achieved atmospheric handoff, DOR sounds its disconnect once and engages '''altitude, heading and TAS hold'''. It does not ~~continue~~ the ~~descent~~ or land. Cancel the TAS hold with the DOR control or manual throttle input; disconnecting the aircraft autopilot also cancels it. The pilot remains responsible for ATC routing, terrain, descent and approach. The model does not forecast changing weather or terrain clearance.		At the achieved atmospheric handoff, DOR sounds its disconnect once and engages '''altitude, heading and TAS hold'''. In the newer [[Orbit#Arrival planning and final approach\|arrival/FPA alpha]], a valid runway FINAL choice aligns the atmospheric handoff with the runway and uses NAV instead of heading hold. The ILS, visual-final and VTOL lines are advisory previews: DOR does not descend to the final gate, arm LOC/G/S, hover or land. [[Orbit#Flight path angle (FPA)\|FPA]] is available for pilot-selected atmospheric descent; TAS hold can continue through supported NAV/LOC and vertical-mode changes. Cancel the TAS hold with the DOR control or manual throttle input; disconnecting the aircraft autopilot also cancels it. The pilot remains responsible for ATC routing, terrain, descent and approach. The model does not forecast changing weather or terrain clearance.

	'''Client version matters:''' earlier calibration clients say '''REENTRY PLAN / PLAN ONLY''' and do not execute entry. They can still [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|record a manual entry with REC]]. In the automated-entry alpha, engaging DOR records automatically through the handoff holds. Retain both matching CSV files for review. REC alone never engages flight control.		'''Client version matters:''' earlier calibration clients say '''REENTRY PLAN / PLAN ONLY''' and do not execute entry. They can still [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|record a manual entry with REC]]. In the automated-entry alpha, engaging DOR records automatically through the handoff holds. Retain both matching CSV files for review. REC alone never engages flight control.

codex: Cross-reference automated-entry alpha, operating margins, handoff holds and older calibration clients

2026-10-18T05:04:30Z

Cross-reference automated-entry alpha, operating margins, handoff holds and older calibration clients

← Older revision		Revision as of 05:04, 18 October 2026
Line 2:		Line 2:

	== Planning an entry ==		== Planning an entry ==
	Select the surface destination on the navigation instrument, then open the [[Orbit#Reentry and atmospheric entry\|Orbit MFD's REENTRY ~~PLAN~~]]. AUTO compares direct powered entry with coasting on the current orbit before entry. HANDOFF selects the requested atmospheric transition time; H ALT and H TAS select its altitude and air-relative speed. The initial test target is '''30 km MSL / 0.5 km/s TAS''', upstream of the waypoint. It is not a landing point or a universal safe condition.		Select the surface destination on the navigation instrument, then open the [[Orbit#Reentry and atmospheric entry\|Orbit MFD's REENTRY]]. AUTO compares direct powered entry with coasting on the current orbit before entry. HANDOFF selects the requested atmospheric transition time; H ALT and H TAS select its altitude and air-relative speed. The initial test target is '''30 km MSL / 0.5 km/s TAS''', upstream of the waypoint. It is not a landing point or a universal safe condition.

	The entry ~~preview uses~~ current loaded mass ~~and available~~ forward, reverse and RCS thrust. ~~It remains~~ '''~~PLAN ONLY~~'''~~: DOR~~ does not ~~fly~~ the ~~atmospheric profile~~ or ~~select an atmospheric Autoflyte mode~~ for ~~you~~. ~~MODEL FIT / HEAT UNCHECKED~~ does not ~~establish a safe temperature corridor~~. ~~For~~ calibration~~, use~~ [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|REC]] ~~and retain~~ both matching CSV files~~; recording does not engage DOR~~.		The [[Orbit#Automated entry alpha\|automated-entry alpha]] can execute an '''ENTRY READY''' plan from orbit after undocking, using current loaded mass, forward/reverse mains and separate RCS limits. Its preview checks '''95% of Vne''' and '''200°C predicted AFT''', with thrust, engine-response and attitude margins. These are controller settings to validate, not newly certified vehicle limits. The nose stays into the air-relative direction of travel during reverse braking. Active protection can sacrifice the requested time to brake and arrest descent.

			At the achieved atmospheric handoff, DOR sounds its disconnect once and engages '''altitude, heading and TAS hold'''. It does not continue the descent or land. Cancel the TAS hold with the DOR control or manual throttle input; disconnecting the aircraft autopilot also cancels it. The pilot remains responsible for ATC routing, terrain, descent and approach. The model does not forecast changing weather or terrain clearance.

			'''Client version matters:''' earlier calibration clients say '''REENTRY PLAN / PLAN ONLY''' and do not execute entry. They can still [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|record a manual entry with REC]]. In the automated-entry alpha, engaging DOR records automatically through the handoff holds. Retain both matching CSV files for review. REC alone never engages flight control.

	==Methods==		==Methods==

codex: Link REENTRY PLAN and manual recording; qualify worked example, clarify airspeed/TVM limits and correct MRO aerobraking history

2026-10-17T16:15:49Z

Link REENTRY PLAN and manual recording; qualify worked example, clarify airspeed/TVM limits and correct MRO aerobraking history

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 17 October 2026
Line 1:		Line 1:
	'''Atmospheric reentry''' is the process by which [[:Category:Spacecraft\|spacecraft]] from [[orbit]] of a planet or moon enter the [[atmosphere]] and reach the planetary surface intact. Typically this process requires special methods to protect against [[aerodynamic heating]]. Various advanced technologies have been developed to enable atmospheric reentry and flight at extreme velocities.		'''Atmospheric reentry''' is the process by which [[:Category:Spacecraft\|spacecraft]] from [[orbit]] of a planet or moon enter the [[atmosphere]] and reach the planetary surface intact. Typically this process requires special methods to protect against [[aerodynamic heating]]. Various advanced technologies have been developed to enable atmospheric reentry and flight at extreme velocities.

	==~~Methods~~==		== Planning an entry ==
	* [~~https://en~~.~~wikipedia~~.~~org/wiki/Aerobraking Aerobraking]~~ -~~-- [https:~~/~~/mars~~.~~nasa.gov~~/~~mro/mission/timeline/mtaerobraking/ Example of NASA using Aerobraking to enter Mars orbit]~~		Select the surface destination on the navigation instrument, then open the [[Orbit#Reentry and atmospheric entry\|Orbit MFD's REENTRY PLAN]]. AUTO compares direct powered entry with coasting on the current orbit before entry. HANDOFF selects the requested atmospheric transition time; H ALT and H TAS select its altitude and air-relative speed. The initial test target is '''30 km MSL / 0.5 km/s TAS''', upstream of the waypoint. It is not a landing point or a universal safe condition.
	~~None~~ of the ~~E, W,or P-series aerospace vehicles are designed for true areobraking~~. ~~In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter)~~ It ~~took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity~~.

	*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified Aerobraking)		The entry preview uses current loaded mass and available forward, reverse and RCS thrust. It remains '''PLAN ONLY''': DOR does not fly the atmospheric profile or select an atmospheric Autoflyte mode for you. MODEL FIT / HEAT UNCHECKED does not establish a safe temperature corridor. For calibration, use [[Orbit#Recording a manual entry test\|REC]] and retain both matching CSV files; recording does not engage DOR.
	The ~~ships in Rise use [[Refined_Fuel\|Iagreous]] fuel~~, For ~~all practical purposes a pilot at orbital speed could~~ use [[~~TVM~~]] ~~set it to 0.5km/sec and let the ship use the engines to try and maintain that 0.5km/sec total speed all the way down to about 30km altitude~~ and ~~then transition over to normal flight~~.

	*[[~~TVM~~]]		==Methods==
	TVM ~~will get you down safe but~~ it ~~will literally fight~~ lift, drag, ~~gravity all the way down trying to get and maintain the set speed you put in~~.		* '''Aerobraking''' uses atmospheric drag to remove orbital energy. It is not a promise that a Rise vehicle can tolerate an arbitrary unpowered entry. NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter first used a propulsive maneuver to enter Mars orbit, then spent about five months aerobraking to reduce that orbit. It did not take six months to first achieve orbital velocity. [https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/20080012690 NASA mission operations reference].
			* '''Powered entry''' combines engine braking with aerodynamic lift and drag. Rise ships use [[Refined_Fuel\|Iagreous]] fuel, but available thrust, loaded mass, engine response and atmospheric limits still matter. Reducing speed before entering denser air gives more margin than waiting for a warning and then demanding maximum reverse thrust.
			* '''TVM''' is a velocity-control aid, not a complete entry controller. Its setting uses the selected target/reference and the ship's forward axis; it is not an airspeed or temperature limit. With a surface waypoint selected it uses a ground reference. See [[TVM]] and verify the selected target before engagement. TVM can command sustained thrust while opposing gravity, lift or drag; it does not guarantee suitable attitude, terrain clearance or a safe arrival.

	===Normal re-entry attitude===		===Normal re-entry attitude===
	~~This entire discussion is based on the assumption that you are~~ wings level, nose ~~pointed in~~ the ~~direction~~ of ~~travel,~~ and ~~all of this is lined up with your desired destination~~.		The manual example assumes wings level, with the nose generally into the relative airflow and the flight path aimed toward the destination. Pitch attitude and flight-path angle are different: monitor both instead of assuming the ship travels exactly where its nose points. Reverse main thrust permits braking while retaining a forward-facing attitude; lateral and vertical RCS have separate limits.

	===Deciding When To Drop===		===Deciding When To Drop===
	A heavy ship takes more time and distance to decelerate. ~~This entire lesson is based on an acceleration of~~ 1.2 [[G]] in the ~~vacuum of space~~.		A heavy ship takes more time and distance to decelerate at the same thrust. '''Worked example, not a universal procedure:''' the original technique below assumed about 1.2 [[G]] acceleration in vacuum. Its distances, speeds and pitch angles depend on the vehicle, load and starting trajectory; do not use them as certified limits.
	<br />		<br />
	~~First you must understand that the~~ [[~~atmosphere~~]] has no ~~measurable effect on your vessel until you descend below about 95~~-~~85km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds~~. ~~Since you~~ are not ~~yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can~~ not ~~use the air to slow~~ or ~~generate lift~~.		[[Vieneo]] has no sharp atmospheric boundary. Its modeled density falls with a 7.5 km scale height; pressure, temperature and air-relative speed matter at the actual altitude. Its nitrogen-rich atmosphere is denser at the surface than Earth's, so Earth entry schedules are not interchangeable. At high altitude lift and drag may be weak, but 100 km is not a guarantee of negligible heating or dynamic pressure.
	<br />		<br />
	~~If you are traveling at the orbital speed, or just under, and~~ at 100-120 km ~~altitude~~, ~~you will start to using reverse thrust at around~~ 1500-1300 km from ~~your~~ target~~. Use the up thrust (F9)~~ to ~~hold your ship above 100km till your~~ ground speed is about ~~3km~~/~~sec~~.		The worked example began reverse thrust at 100-120 km MSL, roughly 1500-1300 km from the target, and used upward translation to limit descent until ground speed was about 3 km/s. Those are example conditions, not a rule for when to start braking. A different mass, plane or arrival deadline can require substantially more distance.
	<br />		<br />
	~~With luck and or practice you will end up~~ at ~~about~~ 2.5-3 km/~~sec as~~ the ~~target get to~~ about ~~12-~~15 degrees ~~nose down~~. ~~Lower your nose to 15 degrees down. KEEP~~ the ~~engines in reverse but use~~ the ~~F8/F9 to help keep your~~ direction of ~~travel lined up with your nose~~. ~~You will see some aerodynamic heating and plasma effects. As you generate more and more lift you will stop using~~ the ~~up and down thrust and start pitching~~ the ~~nose up and down to adjust your rate~~ of ~~descent~~.		In that example the ship then descended at roughly 2.5-3 km/s with the nose about 15 degrees below the horizon, while reverse thrust continued. Translation helped keep the flight path near the nose direction until aerodynamic lift could provide more control. Do not hold a fixed pitch regardless of IAS, AFT, dynamic pressure or descent trend. Use the configured upward/downward translation controls as required; the direction of the vehicle response matters more than a default key label.
	<br />		<br />
	<br />		<br />
	~~REMEMBER~~ it ~~is NOT your FORWARD~~ speed ~~that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT~~		'''Both air-relative speed and descent rate matter.''' Dynamic pressure varies with mass density and the square of air-relative speed. Heating also depends strongly on speed. Descent rate determines how quickly you encounter denser air; it does not make forward speed harmless.
	<br />		<br />
	~~The faster you change the outside air pressure the faster the drag changes. Higher drag~~, ~~higher deceleration rate. 5km~~/~~sec at 100km~~ altitude ~~no problem~~. ~~5Km~~/~~sec at 70km you might as well drive in to a brick wall~~.		Do not treat 5 km/s at 100 km, or any other speed/altitude pair, as universally safe. Watch AFT, IAS/Vne, dynamic pressure, flight path and available braking margin before conditions reach their warnings.
	<br />		<br />
	===Slowing Down===		===Slowing Down===
	~~If you kept close~~ to ~~your ideal~~ 15 degree ~~down you will end up close to 30km and at~~ 0.5 km ~~a sec~~.		The example aims to reach roughly 30 km MSL and 0.5 km/s before ordinary atmospheric flight. A 15-degree pitch does not guarantee that result. The planner uses 30 km / 0.5 km/s TAS as an adjustable test handoff, with the remaining glide reach estimated upstream of the destination. The pilot must still manage atmospheric descent, ATC routing, terrain and the final approach. Higher or faster handoff settings are test choices, not automatically validated alternatives.
	~~If you made it down safely to where you~~ are ~~now flying like an airplane~~. ~~WELL DONE and CONGRATULATIONS! You just completed your first safe operational reentry!! Go and get a drink and celebrate!!!~~

	===Points to Remember===		===Points to Remember===
	[[Image:caution.png\|right]]		[[Image:caution.png\|right]]
	* ~~Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with~~ pitch or ~~thrusters you will risk over-stressing the air frame and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death~~. ~~However if you need to help slow your~~ descent ~~rate~~, ~~thrust downwards (F9)~~ and ~~use a little positive~~ pitch ~~to reduce your rate of descent~~.		* Avoid abrupt pitch or translation commands against large aerodynamic loads. To reduce descent, command the appropriate upward vehicle acceleration and adjust pitch within the available lift and load margin; do not confuse downward exhaust with downward vehicle motion.
	* Do NOT roll inverted!		* Do NOT roll inverted!
	* If you are going to overshoot, ~~no problem~~. ~~Stop maneuvering~~ and ~~level out~~, ~~ride the [[lift]] and begin your descent again when you are ready~~.		* If you are going to overshoot, prioritize a controllable trajectory over reaching the waypoint. Level off only if lift, thrust, airspeed and terrain permit it, then plan another approach.
	* Do ~~NOT scramble to get on target in your first few attempts if you overshoot~~ or ~~come short SO WHAT?!?! The main thing is you need~~ to ~~be in one piece to be pleased with what you just acheived, you can work on getting on~~ target ~~with~~ practice~~... safely!! Getting on target is not~~ to ~~promote expansion of~~ your ~~e-genitals!~~		* Do not force a late turn or steep descent to reach the target. Use practice flights and recorded results to establish repeatable margins for your vehicle and load.
	* Your instruments are your friends, they will show you when danger is approaching, not the window.		* Your instruments are your friends, they will show you when danger is approaching, not the window.
	* STAY CALM AND DO NOT PANIC!		* STAY CALM AND DO NOT PANIC!

reskin: /* Methods */

2019-11-25T22:11:30Z

Methods

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:11, 25 November 2019
Line 5:		Line 5:
	None of the E, W,or P-series aerospace vehicles are designed for true areobraking. In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) It took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity.		None of the E, W,or P-series aerospace vehicles are designed for true areobraking. In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) It took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity.

	*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified ~~Areobraking~~)		*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified Aerobraking)
	The ships in Rise use [[Refined_Fuel\|Iagreous]] fuel, For all practical purposes a pilot at orbital speed could use [[TVM]] set it to 0.5km/sec and let the ship use the engines to try and maintain that 0.5km/sec total speed all the way down to about 30km altitude and then transition over to normal flight.		The ships in Rise use [[Refined_Fuel\|Iagreous]] fuel, For all practical purposes a pilot at orbital speed could use [[TVM]] set it to 0.5km/sec and let the ship use the engines to try and maintain that 0.5km/sec total speed all the way down to about 30km altitude and then transition over to normal flight.

rana: /* Points to Remember */

2019-11-15T20:28:51Z

Points to Remember

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:28, 15 November 2019
Line 34:		Line 34:
	===Points to Remember===		===Points to Remember===
	[[Image:caution.png\|right]]		[[Image:caution.png\|right]]
	* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk over-stressing the air frame and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.		* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk over-stressing the air frame and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards (F9) and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.
	* Do NOT roll inverted!		* Do NOT roll inverted!
	* If you are going to overshoot, no problem. Stop maneuvering and level out, ride the [[lift]] and begin your descent again when you are ready.		* If you are going to overshoot, no problem. Stop maneuvering and level out, ride the [[lift]] and begin your descent again when you are ready.

reskin at 20:11, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T20:11:15Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:11, 15 November 2019
Line 3:		Line 3:
	==Methods==		==Methods==
	* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobraking Aerobraking] --- [https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/timeline/mtaerobraking/ Example of NASA using Aerobraking to enter Mars orbit]		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobraking Aerobraking] --- [https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/timeline/mtaerobraking/ Example of NASA using Aerobraking to enter Mars orbit]
	None of the E,W,or P series are designed for true areobraking. In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) It took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity.		None of the E, W,or P-series aerospace vehicles are designed for true areobraking. In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) It took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity.

	*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified Areobraking)		*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified Areobraking)
Line 12:		Line 12:

	===Normal re-entry attitude===		===Normal re-entry attitude===
	This entire discussion is ~~base~~ on the assumption that you are wings level, nose pointed in the direction of travel, and all of this is lined up with your desired destination.		This entire discussion is based on the assumption that you are wings level, nose pointed in the direction of travel, and all of this is lined up with your desired destination.

	===Deciding When To Drop===		===Deciding When To Drop===
	A heavy ship ~~take longer,~~ more time, and distance to decelerate. This entire lesson is based on an acceleration of 1.2 [[G]] in the vacuum of space.		A heavy ship takes more time and distance to decelerate. This entire lesson is based on an acceleration of 1.2 [[G]] in the vacuum of space.
	<br />		<br />
	First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no measurable effect on your vessel until you descend below about 95-85km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to slow or generate lift.		First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no measurable effect on your vessel until you descend below about 95-85km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to slow or generate lift.
Line 26:		Line 26:
	REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT		REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT
	<br />		<br />
	The faster you change the ~~out side~~ air pressure the faster the drag changes. Higher drag, higher deceleration rate. 5km/sec at 100km altitude no problem. 5Km/sec at 70km you might as well drive in to a brick wall.		The faster you change the outside air pressure the faster the drag changes. Higher drag, higher deceleration rate. 5km/sec at 100km altitude no problem. 5Km/sec at 70km you might as well drive in to a brick wall.
	<br />		<br />
	===Slowing Down===		===Slowing Down===

rana at 20:07, 15 November 2019

2019-11-15T20:07:01Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 15 November 2019
Line 2:		Line 2:

	==Methods==		==Methods==
	~~The preferrable method for atmospheric reentry is the '''drag''' method~~. ~~The drag method (not~~ to ~~be confused with ''aerobraking'') saves fuel~~, ~~compared to~~ the ~~direct use~~ of ~~[[thrust]]~~ (~~see [[TVM]]~~).		* [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerobraking Aerobraking] --- [https://mars.nasa.gov/mro/mission/timeline/mtaerobraking/ Example of NASA using Aerobraking to enter Mars orbit]
			None of the E,W,or P series are designed for true areobraking. In the case of MRO (Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter) It took 6 months to decelerate to orbital velocity.

	For ~~this methodology,~~ the ~~following assumptions are made.~~..		*Thrust/Lift/Drag (Modified Areobraking)
			The ships in Rise use [[Refined_Fuel\|Iagreous]] fuel, For all practical purposes a pilot at orbital speed could use [[TVM]] set it to 0.5km/sec and let the ship use the engines to try and maintain that 0.5km/sec total speed all the way down to about 30km altitude and then transition over to normal flight.

	*~~You are flying between 100-120 [[kilometer\|km]]~~ [[~~MSL~~]]		*[[TVM]]
	*You are travelling at roughly 5.~~6km/s~~		TVM will get you down safe but it will literally fight lift, drag, gravity all the way down trying to get and maintain the set speed you put in.
	*You are ~~not carrying cargo (which changes~~ the ~~distance at which you start to slow down dramatically)~~
			===Normal re-entry attitude===
			This entire discussion is base on the assumption that you are wings level, nose pointed in the direction of travel, and all of this is lined up with your desired destination.

	===Deciding When To Drop===		===Deciding When To Drop===
	First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no effect on your vessel until you descend below about ~~70km~~ [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to ~~brake~~.		A heavy ship take longer, more time, and distance to decelerate. This entire lesson is based on an acceleration of 1.2 [[G]] in the vacuum of space.
			<br />
	If you are ~~travelling~~ at the ~~specified~~ speed and altitude, you will start to ~~descend~~ at around ~~1500km~~ from your target. ~~Aim~~ to ~~be hitting the atmosphere~~ at ~~between 850~~-~~1000km from your~~ target.		First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no measurable effect on your vessel until you descend below about 95-85km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to slow or generate lift.
			<br />
	~~The best way~~ to ~~descend~~ in ~~a controlled fashion is to first zero out your [[trim]] and~~ use ~~your vertical thrusters (~~F8/F9~~). In order~~ to ~~do this starting using~~ your ~~roof mounted thrusters to push yourself into a descent~~. ~~A sensible descent speed when going~~ down ~~to meet~~ the ~~[[atmosphere]] is about 300m/s~~		If you are traveling at the orbital speed, or just under, and at 100-120 km altitude, you will start to using reverse thrust at around 1500-1300 km from your target. Use the up thrust (F9) to hold your ship above 100km till your ground speed is about 3km/sec.
			<br />
	~~If you sense you are going~~ to ~~overshoot~~ your ~~target because you are too high think about increasing that~~ rate of descent ~~to about 500m/s~~.		With luck and or practice you will end up at about 2.5-3 km/sec as the target get to about 12-15 degrees nose down. Lower your nose to 15 degrees down. KEEP the engines in reverse but use the F8/F9 to help keep your direction of travel lined up with your nose. You will see some aerodynamic heating and plasma effects. As you generate more and more lift you will stop using the up and down thrust and start pitching the nose up and down to adjust your rate of descent.
			<br />
	~~It is important that you do not let that descent rate increase above 600m~~/~~s or you are at high risk of burning up the [[atmosphere]].~~		<br />
			REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT
	REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT		<br />
			The faster you change the out side air pressure the faster the drag changes. Higher drag, higher deceleration rate. 5km/sec at 100km altitude no problem. 5Km/sec at 70km you might as well drive in to a brick wall.
	~~===Meeting~~ the ~~Atmosphere===~~		<br />
	~~At about 850-1000km, you are just starting enter~~ the ~~[[atmosphere]] and you are now starting to pick up [[airspeed]]~~. ~~You will notice your speed both [[velocity]] and [[ground speed]] will start to decrease ever rapidly as you descend~~.

	~~At this point you need to make sure your wings are level with the [[artificial horizon\|horizon]] and your [[pitch]] is~~ no ~~more than -5°~~. ~~When~~ you ~~are more confident and want to slow down faster feel free to go in nose first. But it is dangerous and I don't recommend it until you know what you are doing. You are aiming to go~~ in ~~"belly first" so-~~to~~-speak.~~

	~~The two main [[instruments]] you need to pay close attention to now are your [[VSI]] and your [[acceleration\|J]] which is on the left [[MFD]]~~.

	===Slowing Down===		===Slowing Down===
	~~You will also notice that as~~ you ~~descend and slow your rate of descent will start~~ to ~~decrease and head towards a positive rate of climb. This means that you are now picking up [[lift]] from the oncoming air, and at~~ your ~~current speed that [[lift]] is so powerful it is pushing~~ you ~~right back up!~~		If you kept close to your ideal 15 degree down you will end up close to 30km and at 0.5 km a sec.
			If you made it down safely to where you are now flying like an airplane. WELL DONE and CONGRATULATIONS! You just completed your first safe operational reentry!! Go and get a drink and celebrate!!!
	There is a way to combat this and keep your rate of descent constant or to your desire... by rolling 90° left or right you can maintain the descent rate that you wish to hold. I suggest that you alternate your roll left and right at intervals so that you do not drift too far off course.

	~~It is IMPORTANT that you DO NOT roll [[inverted_flight\|inverted]], this~~ will ~~cause your rate of descent to increase VERY rapidly and you are very likely to burn~~ up!

	All the while during your rolls and manuvers keep watching that [[acceleration\|J]] number on the left [[MFD]], this is how many Gs of [[acceleration]]/decceleration your are pulling from below your vessel. I advise that you do not allow this to ~~get further than ±5km/s or your will be injured~~ and parts of your ship will begin to break away. The same goes for [[acceleration\|K]] which is the force in Gs from the front of your vessel although you can let this get up to about 12G I DON'T advise it unless you know what you are doing.

	As you reach about 3km/s [[ground speed]] look at your distance from you target... if you sense you are falling short, roll level and point your vessel at the [[artificial horizon\|horizon]], this will reduce the level of slowing that is being placed on your ship, do not be concerned if you start to gain altitude due to [[lift]], and do not try to fight where the air is taking you with [[pitch]] too much. Y ou can then glide a bit further a then try to lose some more altitude when you feel you are at ~~a good distance.~~.~~. I would say you want to aim to be about 350-450km away from your target before continuing~~ a ~~descent and brake from 3km/s.~~

	~~Once you are down to about 1km/s you can start thinking about using your ptch controls to gently ease the [[velocity vector]] down towards your [[target vector]]~~. ~~Your ship will continue to slow gently from here and you can apply power as and when you feel it is neccesary.~~

	If you made it down safely WELL DONE and CONGRATULATIONS! You just completed your first safe operational reentry!! Go and get a drink and celebrate!!!

	===Points to Remember===		===Points to Remember===
	[[Image:caution.png\|right]]		[[Image:caution.png\|right]]
	* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk ~~overstressing~~ the ~~airframe~~ and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.		* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk over-stressing the air frame and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.
	* Do NOT roll inverted!		* Do NOT roll inverted!
	* If you are going to overshoot, no problem. Stop ~~manuvering~~ and level out, ride the [[lift]] and begin your descent again when you are ready.		* If you are going to overshoot, no problem. Stop maneuvering and level out, ride the [[lift]] and begin your descent again when you are ready.
	* Do NOT scramble to get on target in your first few attempts if you overshoot or come short SO WHAT?!?! The main thing is you need to be in one piece to be pleased with what you just acheived, you can work on getting on target with practice... safely!! Getting on target is not to promote expansion of your e-genitals!		* Do NOT scramble to get on target in your first few attempts if you overshoot or come short SO WHAT?!?! The main thing is you need to be in one piece to be pleased with what you just acheived, you can work on getting on target with practice... safely!! Getting on target is not to promote expansion of your e-genitals!
	* Your instruments are your friends, they will show you when danger is approaching, not the window.		* Your instruments are your friends, they will show you when danger is approaching, not the window.

reskin: /* Methods */

2018-05-16T02:08:43Z

Methods

← Older revision		Revision as of 02:08, 16 May 2018
Line 2:		Line 2:

	==Methods==		==Methods==
	The preferrable method for '''~~atmospheric reentry~~''' ~~is the [[drag]]~~ method. The [[drag]] method (not to be confused with ''aerobraking'') saves fuel, compared to the direct use of [[thrust]] (see [[TVM]]).		The preferrable method for atmospheric reentry is the '''drag''' method. The drag method (not to be confused with ''aerobraking'') saves fuel, compared to the direct use of [[thrust]] (see [[TVM]]).

	For this methodology, the following assumptions are made...		For this methodology, the following assumptions are made...
Line 10:		Line 10:
	*You are not carrying cargo (which changes the distance at which you start to slow down dramatically)		*You are not carrying cargo (which changes the distance at which you start to slow down dramatically)

	===Deciding ~~when to drop~~===		===Deciding When To Drop===
	First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no effect on your vessel until you descend below about 70km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to brake.		First you must understand that the [[atmosphere]] has no effect on your vessel until you descend below about 70km [[MSL]] assuming normal orbital speeds. Since you are not yet in the [[atmosphere]] you can not use the air to brake.

Line 21:		Line 21:
	It is important that you do not let that descent rate increase above 600m/s or you are at high risk of burning up the [[atmosphere]].		It is important that you do not let that descent rate increase above 600m/s or you are at high risk of burning up the [[atmosphere]].

	''REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT''		REMEMBER it is NOT your FORWARD speed that will kill you IT IS your RATE OF DESCENT

	===Meeting the ~~atmosphere~~===		===Meeting the Atmosphere===
	At about 850-1000km, you are just starting enter the [[atmosphere]] and you are now starting to pick up [[airspeed]]. You will notice your speed both [[velocity]] and [[ground speed]] will start to decrease ever rapidly as you descend.		At about 850-1000km, you are just starting enter the [[atmosphere]] and you are now starting to pick up [[airspeed]]. You will notice your speed both [[velocity]] and [[ground speed]] will start to decrease ever rapidly as you descend.

Line 30:		Line 30:
	The two main [[instruments]] you need to pay close attention to now are your [[VSI]] and your [[acceleration\|J]] which is on the left [[MFD]].		The two main [[instruments]] you need to pay close attention to now are your [[VSI]] and your [[acceleration\|J]] which is on the left [[MFD]].

	===Slowing ~~down~~===		===Slowing Down===
	You will also notice that as you descend and slow your rate of descent will start to decrease and head towards a positive rate of climb. This means that you are now picking up [[lift]] from the oncoming air, and at your current speed that [[lift]] is so powerful it is pushing you right back up!		You will also notice that as you descend and slow your rate of descent will start to decrease and head towards a positive rate of climb. This means that you are now picking up [[lift]] from the oncoming air, and at your current speed that [[lift]] is so powerful it is pushing you right back up!

Line 45:		Line 45:
	If you made it down safely WELL DONE and CONGRATULATIONS! You just completed your first safe operational reentry!! Go and get a drink and celebrate!!!		If you made it down safely WELL DONE and CONGRATULATIONS! You just completed your first safe operational reentry!! Go and get a drink and celebrate!!!

	===Points to ~~remember~~===		===Points to Remember===
	[[Image:caution.png\|right]]		[[Image:caution.png\|right]]
	* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk overstressing the airframe and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.		* Do NOT fight the [[lift]] being placed on your vessel with pitch or thrusters you will risk overstressing the airframe and losing bits from it, and causing injury or death. However if you need to help slow your descent rate, thrust downwards and use a little positive pitch to reduce your rate of descent.

reskin at 18:03, 29 April 2018

2018-04-29T18:03:04Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:03, 29 April 2018
Line 55:		Line 55:

	Need further help just ask!		Need further help just ask!

			[[Category:Getting Started]]