Weather: Difference between revisions

From Rise: The Vieneo Province

(Clarify cloud lightning visibility in sunlight and darker cloud regions)
(Keep player guidance in-world; preserve development dates, implementation notes and original wording at Talk:Weather.)
 
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Experience the first truly planetary, physics-driven weather system in a game—where every cloud, storm front and fog bank is born of real-world thermodynamics, moisture advection and atmospheric circulation. We don’t just simulate weather, we simulate a planet’s climate.
Weather on [[Vieneo]] affects visibility, flight conditions and surface operations. Moisture, convection, terrain and atmospheric circulation produce extensive cloud cover, storm belts, gusts and fog.


== Overview ==
== Overview ==
Vieneo is a tidally locked exomoon with a dense, high-pressure atmosphere and perpetual cloud cover, resulting in a uniquely complex and dynamic climate. The weather simulation in ''Rise: The Vieneo Province'' has evolved into a sophisticated planetary model with dynamic interactions between temperature, humidity, convection, terrain, wind, and time of day. Weather conditions are calculated per-location using global environmental maps and physical models.
Vieneo is a tidally locked exomoon with a dense, high-pressure atmosphere and perpetual cloud cover. Temperature, humidity, terrain, wind and time of day interact to produce changing local conditions. Check conditions along the route as well as at departure and destination.


== Atmospheric Characteristics ==
== Atmospheric Characteristics ==
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== Measured Global Averages ==
== Measured Global Averages ==
* '''Turbulence''': Avg 0.358 (scale 0–1)
* '''Turbulence''': Avg 0.358 (scale 0–1)
** Comparable to light-to-moderate convective activity on Earth. Peak turbulence occurs near equatorial storm zones, with transient strong updrafts.
** Peak turbulence occurs near equatorial storm zones, with transient strong updrafts.
* '''Relative Humidity (RH)''': Avg 58.2%
* '''Relative Humidity (RH)''': Avg 58.2%
** Min: 18.3%, Max: 100%
** Min: 18.3%, Max: 100%
* '''Precipitation''':
* '''Precipitation''': Varies by moisture and convection; see [[#Precipitation|Precipitation]] for the reporting index.
** Avg: 0.076 mm/hr
** Max: 16 mm/hr (severe storm cells)
** Scale runs from 2–16, aligning with mm/hr intensity
* '''Wind Speeds''':
* '''Wind Speeds''':
** Avg: 4.71 m/s (~10.5 mph)
** Avg: 4.71 m/s (~10.5 mph)
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* '''Marginal VFR (MVFR)''': 47.6%
* '''Marginal VFR (MVFR)''': 47.6%
* '''Average Ceiling''': 1.16 km AGL (~3,800 ft)
* '''Average Ceiling''': 1.16 km AGL (~3,800 ft)
== Core Models Used ==
* '''Vapor Layer''': Relative humidity and dew point derivation
* '''Temperature Deviation Layer''': Surface temperature variation based on season and time
* '''Convection Layer''': Storm potential and turbulence
* '''Wind Speed Layer''': Baseline surface and aloft wind speeds
* '''Wind Direction Layer''': Orographic and directional wind effects
* '''Elevation Map''': Terrain height for ceiling and visibility calculations


== Diurnal and Seasonal Effects ==
== Diurnal and Seasonal Effects ==
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== Temperature and Dew Point ==
== Temperature and Dew Point ==
* Range: -55°C to +47°C
* Range: -55°C to +47°C
* Dew point derived from vapor map via exponential approximation
* Dew point depends on humidity and temperature
* Max dew point spread: ~21.5°C
* Max dew point spread: ~21.5°C


== Relative Humidity ==
== Relative Humidity ==
* Computed using Magnus-Tetens formula:
Regional humidity changes with moisture circulation, convection and daytime drying. Dew point depends on humidity and temperature. A regional humidity reading does not describe every altitude within a cloud tower.
RH = exp((17.625 × Td)/(243.04 + Td)) / exp((17.625 × T)/(243.04 + T))


== Turbulence (Storm Potential) ==
== Turbulence (Storm Potential) ==
* Simulates jet stream drift via Rossby wave patterns
* Jet streams drift in wave patterns
* Daily peak near midday
* Daily peak near midday
* Affects gusts, cloud formation, and precipitation
* Affects gusts, cloud formation, and precipitation
* More widespread than on Earth due to dense atmosphere and solar heating dynamics
* Dense air and strong convection can produce widespread turbulence


=== Cloud forms above the deck ===
===Cloud forms above the deck===
The client uses the live global convection map to vary the height allowed for rounded formations above Vieneo's widespread cloud deck. Grayscale 0 is the quiet endpoint and 255 is maximum convection. The additional height allowance follows the square of the normalized value: 127 allows about 24.8% of the maximum local increase, 192 about 56.7%, and 255 the full increase. This is an allowance above the quiet cloud envelope, not a percentage of the cloud's total altitude. Procedural grouping and erosion determine the actual visible tops.
Regional cloud tops range from approximately 10 to 22 km MSL. The cloud deck remains present beneath the lower tops; low cloud-top height does not mean clear sky.


Quiet areas retain shallow cloud texture. Moderate convection favors lower formations, while the strongest regions can still develop taller clouds within the existing altitude limits. The quiet and maximum-convection endpoints are preserved. This client visual approximation does not change the server's weather or Vieneo's atmospheric definitions; it is not a calculation of buoyancy or cloud microphysics. [[#Cloud lightning|Cloud lightning]] continues to use the live convection map independently of this height curve.
The connected cloud sheet rises and falls with regional conditions. Rounded billows, wind-shaped streaks and uneven relief give it local texture; the cloud surface is not a flat ceiling at one altitude.
 
Cloud height alone does not indicate rainfall intensity or turbulence. Use weather observations and [[Weather Radar]] alongside the view outside. [[#Cloud lightning|Cloud lightning]] can illuminate the cloud bodies from within.


== Precipitation ==
== Precipitation ==
* Triggered when RH × Turbulence > 0.44 below ~6.5 km altitude
* Precipitation depends on moisture and convection together. Storm potential is adjusted relative humidity multiplied by convection; lift potential alone does not imply rain.
* Intensity scaled 2–16 (in mm/hr)
* Rain can occur below 10 km MSL where moisture and convection are sufficient. Cloud formations can occur without precipitation.
* Can cool surface by up to 6°C
* The precipitation index ranges from 2 (no-storm baseline) to 16. It is not a direct rainfall rate in mm/hr; precipitation classification treats values below 2.5 as none.
* Planetary precip coverage targets ~7.5%
* Rain cooling can lower the temperature by up to 6°C.


== Wind Modeling ==
<span id="Wind_Modeling"></span>
== Winds aloft ==
* Layered up to 63 km altitude
* Layered up to 63 km altitude
* Gusts enhanced by turbulence
* Gusts enhanced by turbulence
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* Modulated by dew point spread and wind speed
* Modulated by dew point spread and wind speed


== Visibility Calculations ==
<span id="Visibility_Calculations"></span>
== Visibility ==
* '''Fog''': Triggered by small T–Td delta and elevated terrain
* '''Fog''': Triggered by small T–Td delta and elevated terrain
* '''Precipitation''' visibility effects:
* '''Precipitation''' visibility effects:
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** 5–15 m/s: improves visibility
** 5–15 m/s: improves visibility
** >20 m/s: can cause haze and dust
** >20 m/s: can cause haze and dust
* '''Final Clamp''': Visibility range: 0.05–25 km
* '''Visibility range''': 0.05–25 km


== Ceiling Calculations ==
<span id="Ceiling_Calculations"></span>
== Cloud ceiling ==
* Formula: (T - Td) × 0.12192 km/°C
* Formula: (T - Td) × 0.12192 km/°C
* Adjusted for terrain height difference
* Adjusted for terrain height difference
* Minimum ceiling enforced over Deois
 
* If ceiling <150 m AGL below midcloud, visibility is reduced
* If ceiling <150 m AGL below midcloud, visibility is reduced
== Sanity Checks and Constraints ==
* Fog forces min precip to 2.0
* Syncs ceiling and visibility to avoid logical conflicts


== Notes to Pilots ==
== Notes to Pilots ==
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* '''Low Visibility Zones''': Mountainous or humid regions prone to IFR
* '''Low Visibility Zones''': Mountainous or humid regions prone to IFR
* '''Storm Zones''': Mostly near equator or mid-latitudes
* '''Storm Zones''': Mostly near equator or mid-latitudes
* '''Winds Aloft''': Jet-stream equivalents exist—expect wind shear
* '''Winds Aloft''': Expect wind shear near jet streams
* '''Turbulence''': More persistent than Earth; strong convection common
* '''Turbulence''': Persistent turbulence and strong convection are common


== Cloud lightning ==
== Cloud lightning ==


Above the clouds, lightning appears as brief illumination scattered through existing cloud moisture. Sources follow the occupied cloud bodies, including raised convective billows. A discharge can illuminate one to three connected sections in sequence, with irregular repeat pulses; exposed bolts are not required to see this orbital effect. Look down toward active storms, preferably at night or twilight. Flashes have less contrast against directly sunlit clouds and remain easier to see in darker cloud regions. This depends on the illumination at the clouds, not simply whether the ship is on the day or night side. The irregular glow is a client rendering approximation, not a calculation of electrical charge layers or Vieneo aerosol optics.
Above the clouds, lightning appears as brief illumination scattered through existing cloud moisture. Sources follow the occupied cloud bodies, including raised convective billows. A discharge can illuminate one to three connected sections in sequence, with irregular repeat pulses; exposed bolts are not required to see this orbital effect. Look down toward active storms, preferably at night or twilight. Flashes have less contrast against directly sunlit clouds and remain easier to see in darker cloud regions. This depends on the illumination at the clouds, not simply whether the ship is on the day or night side.


The natural client-local generator targets about 100 events per second across the entire planet, weighted strongly toward higher live convection values. This is not 100 visible flashes per second from one ship: the horizon, camera direction, weather distribution and cloud obscuration reduce what is visible. Chained sections and repeat pulses belong to one event. The convection map and cloud geometry are not altered by lightning.
Lightning is distributed across the moon and is concentrated in active cloud regions. Only a portion is visible from any one vehicle: the horizon, viewing direction and intervening clouds limit the view. Connected flashes and repeat pulses can belong to the same discharge.


Lightning is disabled in the in-world [[Flight Simulators|simulator]], including transient illumination on entering it. Administrators can use <code>000COMMANDCLOUDBOLT1</code> for a 30-real-second orbital visibility test and <code>000COMMANDCLOUDBOLT0</code> to stop it. This forces nearby cloud events without changing weather or the natural event stream, and produces no server event, thunder or damage. See [[Special Commands#Admins Only|Special Commands]] for requirements and reset conditions.
The [[Flight Simulators|flight simulator]] does not reproduce cloud lightning.


== Summary of Key Ranges ==
== Summary of Key Ranges ==
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| Dew Point Spread || 0°C || ~21.5°C
| Dew Point Spread || 0°C || ~21.5°C
|-
|-
| Precipitation || 0 mm/hr || 16.0 mm/hr
| Precipitation index || 2 (no-storm baseline) || 16
|-
|-
| Wind Speed || ~0 m/s || ~60 m/s
| Wind Speed || ~0 m/s || ~60 m/s
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* [[Atmosphere]]
* [[Atmosphere]]
* [[Player Portal]]
* [[Player Portal]]
* [[:File:WeatherRealismAnalysis.pdf|Weather Simulation Realism Analysis]]
 
* [[Doppler Radar]]
* [[Doppler Radar]]
== Notes ==
The system is designed for future upgrades including airborne radar, storm particles, and localized weather patterns. Orographic effects and fog are computed dynamically using directional wind sampling.

Latest revision as of 17:10, 27 October 2026

Weather on Vieneo affects visibility, flight conditions and surface operations. Moisture, convection, terrain and atmospheric circulation produce extensive cloud cover, storm belts, gusts and fog.

Overview

Vieneo is a tidally locked exomoon with a dense, high-pressure atmosphere and perpetual cloud cover. Temperature, humidity, terrain, wind and time of day interact to produce changing local conditions. Check conditions along the route as well as at departure and destination.

Atmospheric Characteristics

  • Atmospheric Pressure: ~2.6 bar at sea level
  • Diurnal Cycle: 14.43-hour day
  • Peak Temperature Lag: ~3.5 hours after local solar noon (≈87.3° longitude offset)
  • Midday Temperature Rise: Typically less than 10°C due to dense cloud cover

Measured Global Averages

  • Turbulence: Avg 0.358 (scale 0–1)
    • Peak turbulence occurs near equatorial storm zones, with transient strong updrafts.
  • Relative Humidity (RH): Avg 58.2%
    • Min: 18.3%, Max: 100%
  • Precipitation: Varies by moisture and convection; see Precipitation for the reporting index.
  • Wind Speeds:
    • Avg: 4.71 m/s (~10.5 mph)
    • Max observed: 56.4 m/s (~126 mph)
    • Area with >20 m/s winds: 0.4%
  • Visibility:
    • Avg: 40.1 km
    • <1 km: 2.0%
    • <5 km: 3.5%
    • <10 km: 3.6%
    • >30 km: 94.5%

Flight Rules Classification (Ceiling AGL and Visibility)

  • Instrument Flight Rules (IFR): 7.4%
  • Marginal VFR (MVFR): 47.6%
  • Average Ceiling: 1.16 km AGL (~3,800 ft)

Diurnal and Seasonal Effects

  • Temperature modulates with solar angle
  • Seasonal subsolar movement causes ±10–12°C swings

Temperature and Dew Point

  • Range: -55°C to +47°C
  • Dew point depends on humidity and temperature
  • Max dew point spread: ~21.5°C

Relative Humidity

Regional humidity changes with moisture circulation, convection and daytime drying. Dew point depends on humidity and temperature. A regional humidity reading does not describe every altitude within a cloud tower.

Turbulence (Storm Potential)

  • Jet streams drift in wave patterns
  • Daily peak near midday
  • Affects gusts, cloud formation, and precipitation
  • Dense air and strong convection can produce widespread turbulence

Cloud forms above the deck

Regional cloud tops range from approximately 10 to 22 km MSL. The cloud deck remains present beneath the lower tops; low cloud-top height does not mean clear sky.

The connected cloud sheet rises and falls with regional conditions. Rounded billows, wind-shaped streaks and uneven relief give it local texture; the cloud surface is not a flat ceiling at one altitude.

Cloud height alone does not indicate rainfall intensity or turbulence. Use weather observations and Weather Radar alongside the view outside. Cloud lightning can illuminate the cloud bodies from within.

Precipitation

  • Precipitation depends on moisture and convection together. Storm potential is adjusted relative humidity multiplied by convection; lift potential alone does not imply rain.
  • Rain can occur below 10 km MSL where moisture and convection are sufficient. Cloud formations can occur without precipitation.
  • The precipitation index ranges from 2 (no-storm baseline) to 16. It is not a direct rainfall rate in mm/hr; precipitation classification treats values below 2.5 as none.
  • Rain cooling can lower the temperature by up to 6°C.

Winds aloft

  • Layered up to 63 km altitude
  • Gusts enhanced by turbulence
  • Strongest winds seen in mid-latitude and equatorial storm belts

Orographic Lifting and Visibility

  • Visibility reduced when upwind terrain is higher and RH is high
  • Modulated by dew point spread and wind speed

Visibility

  • Fog: Triggered by small T–Td delta and elevated terrain
  • Precipitation visibility effects:
    • Light (2–6): ~2 km visibility
    • Moderate (10–12): ~1–5 km
    • Heavy (>12): ~0.5–4.5 km
  • Wind Mixing:
    • 5–15 m/s: improves visibility
    • >20 m/s: can cause haze and dust
  • Visibility range: 0.05–25 km

Cloud ceiling

  • Formula: (T - Td) × 0.12192 km/°C
  • Adjusted for terrain height difference
  • If ceiling <150 m AGL below midcloud, visibility is reduced

Notes to Pilots

  • Cloud Bases: Widespread stratiform decks, often 1–2 km AGL
  • Low Visibility Zones: Mountainous or humid regions prone to IFR
  • Storm Zones: Mostly near equator or mid-latitudes
  • Winds Aloft: Expect wind shear near jet streams
  • Turbulence: Persistent turbulence and strong convection are common

Cloud lightning

Above the clouds, lightning appears as brief illumination scattered through existing cloud moisture. Sources follow the occupied cloud bodies, including raised convective billows. A discharge can illuminate one to three connected sections in sequence, with irregular repeat pulses; exposed bolts are not required to see this orbital effect. Look down toward active storms, preferably at night or twilight. Flashes have less contrast against directly sunlit clouds and remain easier to see in darker cloud regions. This depends on the illumination at the clouds, not simply whether the ship is on the day or night side.

Lightning is distributed across the moon and is concentrated in active cloud regions. Only a portion is visible from any one vehicle: the horizon, viewing direction and intervening clouds limit the view. Connected flashes and repeat pulses can belong to the same discharge.

The flight simulator does not reproduce cloud lightning.

Summary of Key Ranges

Parameter Min Max
Temperature (Surface) -55°C +47°C
Dew Point Spread 0°C ~21.5°C
Precipitation index 2 (no-storm baseline) 16
Wind Speed ~0 m/s ~60 m/s
Visibility 0.05 km 25.0 km
Ceiling (AGL) 0.0 km ~5.0+ km

Imagery

Global weather radar map showing precipitation clusters

See Also